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Learning disabilities

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Information about supports for children who have specific learning disabilities and what it means for your child’s education.
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Some people have problems in areas such as reading, written expression and maths. There are a range of reasons why people have problems in these areas and not everyone who has problems learning has a disability. For example, learning difficulties may occur if a student has been absent from school and has a gap in their learning. Once additional support has been provided, the gap in their learning reduces.

Students who have a learning disability have learning difficulties that have not responded to appropriate intervention or support and require ongoing reasonable adjustments. Learning disabilities are life-long and neurologically based.

Each student with a learning disability has their own strengths, abilities and interests. Their challenges or barriers to learning will be unique to the specific disability.

Sometimes a child may experience more than one disability. Schools consider the supports required for all of the child’s needs. You can find out more about supports for other disabilities.

Some common learning disabilities that may result in learning difficulties include:

  • specific learning disabilities—dyslexia, dyscalculia and dysgraphia
  • developmental coordination disorder.

A description of each of these disabilities is provided below.

If your child has a condition, disorder or disability that is not outlined on this website, contact your child’s school for information or advice.

What is a specific learning disability?

Specific learning disabilities relate to difficulties in either reading, written expression or mathematics. Students with specific learning disabilities are of average or above average intelligence but have a significant difficulty in one or more of these learning areas, but not across all curriculum areas.

A specific learning disability usually results in the person learning differently and this may impact on the person’s ability to access the curriculum or demonstrate their skills and understanding.​​

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Specific learning disability in reading (Dyslexia)

Dyslexia is a language disability caused by a difference in the way the brain processes language. It usually causes difficulties with:

  • recognising words (and the common parts in words)
  • spelling (representing sounds with letters or groups of letters)
  • interpreting written words.

This can cause problems when learning to read and write.

Dyslexia can range from mild to significant and no two people experience dyslexia in the same way. People with dyslexia often have stronger verbal language skills and display strengths including problem solving and creative thinking.

Information on the Speld QLD website outlines some of the common things that your child may have difficulties with at different stages of their schooling if they have dyslexia.

Early identification of your child’s strengths and difficulties is important so that support can be provided and reasonable adjustments made.

With targeted instruction and intervention, your child can still learn to read, spell and write.

A range of organisations can provide other support services, assessments and advice if your child has, or you are concerned that they have, dyslexia. The following websites provide a good starting point to access supports and advice.

Specific learning disability in mathematics (Dyscalculia)

Dyscalculia is a learning disability that effects a person’s ability to do mathematical tasks and understand mathematical concepts. Many students have difficulties with mathematics but those with dyscalculia will continue to have difficulties throughout their development and after intervention.

Information on the Speld QLD website outlines some of the common things that your child may have difficulties with at different stages of their schooling if they have dyscalculia.

Early identification of your child's strengths and difficulties is important so that support can be provided and reasonable adjustments made.

With targeted instruction and intervention, your child can still learn to perform mathematical tasks.

A range of organisations can provide other support services, screening, assessments and advice if your child has, or you think that they have, dyscalculia. The following websites provide a good starting point to access supports and advice.

Specific learning disability in written expression (Dysgraphia)

Dysgraphia is a learning disability that effects a person’s ability with forming letters, spelling, punctuation and written expression (including grammar). There are 2 types of dysgraphia:

  • motor-based—people have difficulties with the mechanics of writing including an awkward pencil grip, forming letters, slow handwriting, becoming tired when handwriting or experience physical pain
  • language-based—people have difficulties with processing and sequencing ideas when writing, often displaying higher level verbal skills.

Dysgraphia is a learning disability that might occur by itself or with other disabilities such as dyslexia.

Information on the Speld QLD website outlines some of the common things that your child may have difficulties with at different stages of their schooling if they have dysgraphia.

Early identification of your child's strengths and difficulties is important so that support can be provided and reasonable adjustments made.

With targeted instruction and intervention, your child can still learn to spell and express themselves in the written form.

A range of organisations can provide other support services, assessments and advice if your child has, or you are concerned that they have, dysgraphia. The following websites provide a good starting point to access supports and advice.

Developmental coordination disorder

Developmental coordinator disorder (DCD) is a learning difference where a range of symptoms cause difficulties with movement and coordination.

People may have difficulties with handwriting, using objects such as scissors, catching a ball or playing sport. These difficulties continue to occur after ongoing instruction and practice.

Information on the Speld QLD website outlines more detail about DCD.

Early identification of your child's strengths and difficulties is important so that support can be provided and reasonable adjustments made.

If you are concerned that your child has DCD, ask your general practitioner for advice and a referral to other specialists such as an educational psychologist, occupational therapist, physiotherapist or developmental paediatrician. These specialists use a variety of assessments and can advise you about therapy and intervention.​​​

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Information about state school supports for students with learning disabilities.
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Information about supports for children with learning disabilities.
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Last updated 23 July 2025