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Dance, drama

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​Guideline review date: 24 September 2025

This guideline is provided to support schools in implementing the managing risks in school curriculum activities procedure.

The CARA planner (DOCX, 232KB) must be used for the specific school context in conjunction with this guideline considering additional risks, hazards and controls and including environmental, facility, equipment and student considerations.

For activities beyond the scope of this guideline, complete a CARA record using the CARA generic template (DOCX, 98KB).

Activity scope

This guideline demonstrates the minimum safety standard for student participation in dance and/or drama as an activity to support curriculum delivery. This may include lighting and sound, sets and props and special effects devices, including strobe lights and smoke/fog machines. All other pyrotechnics are prohibited.

The Department of Education is committed to ensuring that curriculum activities are planned for and managed in accordance with the Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (Qld), to ensure, as far as is reasonably practicable, the safety of students, staff and others.

Depending on the scope of this activity, other risk assessments may be required when planning. Curriculum activities encompassing more than 1 CARA guideline (e.g. visual arts, music) must comply with the requirements of all CARA guidelines appropriate to the activity.

For activities conducted at a non-Department of Education venue, and/or when engaging external expertise, request written risk assessment advice and attach it to this CARA record.

For activities conducted off-site, schools must comply with the school excursions procedure.

Risk level

Low risk
Drama activities involving the teaching and performing of vocal and most physical drama activities.
Medium risk
Dance activities involving the teaching of dance skills, practicing, training and performing.
High risk
Dance or drama activities involving the use of lighting, special effects and some higher-risk props.

Activity requirements

If any requirement cannot be met, the activity must not occur.

A registered teacher must be appointed to maintain overall responsibility for the activity.

Teachers, in collaboration with other adult supervisors of the planned activity, determine additional risks, hazards and control measures relevant to the activity and the specific school/group circumstances in order to lift the safety standard above the minimum identified in the CARA guideline.

Consult review comments from previous CARA records to improve safety standards based on the advice from the previous supervisors of the activity at the school.

Prior consultation and collaboration with local expertise (e.g. venue manager) is required for local advice, emergency support mechanisms and additional supervision requirements to ensure participant and public safety.

Advice must be provided to parents, participants and students if a fog machine and/or strobe lighting is used for performances. Exposure to these may result in adverse reactions (e.g. asthma, epilepsy). The supporting students with asthma and/or at risk of anaphylaxis at school procedure must be consulted.

Compliance with the department's guide to managing electrical equipment in departmental schools and workplaces is required when using electrical equipment.


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Supervision

Principals, in consultation with the qualified adults, make final supervision decisions for the activity that considers the local context.

Appropriate adult supervision must be provided to manage the activity safely (i.e. prevent an incident from occurring and manage an incident if one were to occur, including managing emergency situations). The principal must give active consideration to the minimum standards set in the CARA guideline for the activity, the CARA planner and the risk assessment when determining the appropriate level of supervision.

See number of adult supervisors below.

Participants must adhere to all rules and advice communicated by the facility operator/owner and any safety signage at the facility/location.

Before the activity, all adult supervisors:

  • must be familiar with the contents of the CARA record, including the emergency and supervision plans.

During the activity, all adult supervisors:

  • must provide active and direct supervision—be constantly vigilant, attentive and rescue ready
  • must comply with control measures from the CARA record and adapt as hazards arise
  • must not rely on students to recover a person in difficulty at any time.

The activity must be suspended if the conditions become unfavourable (e.g. unexpected staging hazards).

Number of adult supervisors

Principals, in consultation with the qualified adults of the activity, determine the final number of supervisors to fulfil instructional, emergency and supervision roles for the local context that consider the nature of the activity, students' ages, abilities and specialised learning, access and/or health needs. In some instances, the final supervision ratio may be 1:1.

If the minimum safety standard cannot be met, modify the activity (or elements of it) and use the hierarchy of controls to implement alternative control measures to meet or exceed the minimum safety standard (e.g. reduce the number of students participating at any one time).

See frequently asked questions (FAQs) for further support.

Supervisor qualifications

Qualifications support the minimum safety standard for this activity. Principals make final decisions* in determining supervisor capability (competence, relevance and currency) and whether the activity leader meets an appropriate teaching standard.

*See FAQs for further support.

All adult supervisors must comply with the working with children authority—blue cards procedure.

Qualified adults for the activity

Recovery/emergency—CPR, first aid, rescue

An adult with current emergency qualifications is required to be quickly accessible to the activity area.

Supervisors must have CPR and first aid qualifications relevant to the activity. Emergency qualifications may include:

Low risk activities

At least 1 adult supervisor is either:

  • a registered teacher with knowledge of drama and its potential hazards
  • an adult supervisor, working under the direct supervision of a registered teacher, with competence (knowledge and skills) in drama.

Medium risk activities

At least 1 adult supervisor is either:

  • a registered teacher with competence (knowledge and skills) in teaching dance
  • an adult supervisor, working under the direct supervision of a registered teacher, with CUA10120—Certificate I in Dance or similar.

High risk drama activities

At least 1 adult supervisor is either:

  • a registered teacher with qualifications in drama (or equivalent demonstrated capability) and competence (knowledge and skills) in teaching drama
  • an adult supervisor, working under the direct supervision of a registered teacher, with qualification or current accreditation in CUA20220—Certificate II in Creative Industries or similar, and competence (knowledge and skills) in teaching drama.

High risk dance activities

At least 1 adult supervisor is either:

See FAQs for further support.

Facilities and equipment

The qualified adults of the activity, in consultation with the principal, determines the requirements for facilities and equipment appropriate to the local context.

Barres, if used, must be firmly secured and arranged to avoid congestion. Barre height must be appropriate to the abilities and physiques of the students.

Ceiling height must be adequate and free from obstruction/s (e.g. lighting, ceiling fans) if practicing lifting techniques.

Mirrors, if used, must be firmly attached (e.g. either fixed to the wall/s or securely supported).

Stage edges must be clearly visible and delineated, regardless of lighting.

Ensure props do not impede entry and exit to the stage.

For curriculum activities involving chemicals, consult the chemicals in curriculum activities notes. Note that all chemicals in schools must be managed in accordance with the department's chemical management procedure.

If a CARA record is required in OneSchool, a summary of chemicals, plant, equipment and/or materials used in the activity must be provided by entering directly onto the CARA record in OneSchool or by attaching a summary document. For chemicals, see sample template on page 2 of the chemicals in curriculum activities notes.

Adhere to safe operating procedures for special effects and props (e.g. lighting, fog machine).

Ensure special effects and props (e.g. lighting, fog machine) consider the location and hazards (e.g. ventilation; proximity to flammable materials—stage curtains; volume of fog and overflow into depressions—stage pits; positioning—secure from being bumped).

Participants must wear personal protective equipment as relevant (e.g. enclosed footwear when dancing on non-sprung wooden floors).

Equipment must be sized to match the ability and strength of students.

All equipment must be used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

A process for checking for damage for all equipment used in the activity must be established and employed.

A maintenance schedule (e.g. checking for damage, repairing, sharpening) must be established and enacted for all equipment used in the workspace. Consult Equipment Maintenance Records (EMR) template.

A retirement schedule must be developed to replace plant and equipment by manufacturers' nominated expiry date or when significant wear causes a hazard.

Common hazards and controls

Further to those listed, include any additional hazards and control measures considering the local context of the activity.

Environmental hazards Control measures
Environmental conditions
Weather, surfaces, surrounds

Follow the school's sun safety policy, including appropriate clothing (e.g. long sleeved shirts), sun protection (e.g. sunscreen) and shade facilities when outside.

Follow the managing excessive heat in schools guidelines when participating in very hot or extreme heat conditions.

Ensure drink breaks occur regularly. Make water available for individual participants between drink breaks

Noise
Loud and/or continuous

Ensure the music volume is at a reasonable level for the supervisor's instruction to be heard.

Implement strategies to minimise voice strain

Facilities and equipment hazards Control measures
Location

Location must be suitable for the activity being undertaken, including sufficient space, adequate lighting and ventilation to ensure safe participation and that safety rules and procedures can be followed. This may be in a specialised facility (e.g. dance studio) or other suitable location. Undertake a reconnaissance of new or infrequently used locations to ascertain suitability.

A performance space that is flat, free from stones and loose objects, with even, firm and non-slip floors, which is large enough to accommodate the activity safely must be used. For dance activities, use a spring wooden floor if available.

Venue with appropriate toilet and change facilities, accessible to students with disability as required

Hair and make-up equipment and products Manage hair and make-up equipment and products safely and hygienically. Consult infection control guideline, industry standard hygiene and safety practices and manufacturer instructions for support to prevent infection and injury (e.g. burns)
Breakages Remove any broken equipment from the activity surface immediately
Electricity

If power is required, ensure electrical or extension leads do not pose a tripping hazard, are tangle-free and connected correctly.

Ensure the power supply to the dimmers is turned off before undertaking the rigging and patching of lighting equipment.

Use safety chains/wires on all hung lights and strong secure stands for spotlights

Faulty or dangerous equipment

Check performance area for splinters, rough edges, slippery surfaces and loose nails or screws.

Remove or fix broken props and/or sets before being put into storage

Manual handling

Use correct manual handling processes when lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling or carrying (e.g. props, equipment).

Ensure sets are safe to move on and around.

Ensure students are aware of safety when selecting and using props (e.g. prop weight and using ropes).

Ensure appropriate equipment is used to lift heavy objects or materials (e.g. use of ramps)

Heights/falling objects

Assess and manage risks associated with working at heights.

Ensure ladders are industrial rated to more than 120kg, if used. Extension ladders should not be left in a vertical position after use and have a second person hold the bottom of the ladder.

Ensure equipment is stored safely (e.g. not piled too high).

Use mats when teaching lifting techniques.

Reinforce the need for spatial awareness in relation to the stage edge, choir stands, working at heights and near stairs during rehearsals/performances to minimise the risk of trips and falls

Stage lighting and special effects

Ensure smoke machines are carefully managed to avoid allergic reactions to fog (smoke) and damage to voice from prolonged exposure. The risks associated with artificial fog may be increased by lack of ventilation and/or strenuous movement. Do not position smoke machines to blow directly at people.

Ensure participants are aware of the risk associated with flashing lights (e.g. strobes) especially to people prone to epilepsy.

Allow lights to cool before moving

Footwear Participants must wear personal protective equipment (e.g. dance shoes) suitable to the activity and the floor surface
Student considerations Control measures
Injury Students aware of the location of emergency and first-aid equipment
Physical exertion
Exhaustion and fatigue

Conduct warm-up/cool-down activities.

Continually monitor participants for signs of fatigue and exhaustion.

Ensure drink breaks occur regularly. Make water available for individual participants between drink breaks

Physical contact

Provide sufficient space for participants to reduce the risk of collisions

Student issues

Monitor shared facilities (e.g. change rooms, public access areas).
Ensure activities match students' strength, flexibility and coordination.

Forward-plan to ensure rehearsal workload is not increased dramatically in preparation for performances to avoid the risk of overuse injury

Additional links

Disclaimer

This information is developed and distributed on this website by the State of Queensland for use by Queensland state schools only.

Use or adaptation of, or reliance on, this information by persons or organisations other than the State of Queensland is at their sole risk. All users who use, adapt or rely on this information are responsible for ensuring by independent verification its accuracy, currency and appropriateness to their particular circumstances. The State of Queensland makes no representations, either express or implied, as to the suitability of this information to a user's particular circumstances.

To the full extent permitted by law, the State of Queensland disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for all expenses, losses, damages and costs arising from the use or adaptation of, or reliance on, this information.

Links to external websites are for convenience only and the State of Queensland has not independently verified the information on the linked websites. It is the responsibility of users to make their own decisions about the accuracy, currency, reliability and correctness of the information at these external websites.

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Last updated 24 September 2025